{"id":3351,"date":"2022-12-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-11-30T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/epidor.com\/fundamentos-de-mecanica-2\/"},"modified":"2026-01-09T10:52:30","modified_gmt":"2026-01-09T09:52:30","slug":"fundamentals-of-mechanics-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/epidor.com\/en\/blog\/fundamentos-de-mecanica\/","title":{"rendered":"Fundamentals of mechanics"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In order to understand mechanics, we need<\/span><b> know your \u201cabc\u201d.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> That is why this time we bring you <\/span><b>a blog with a difference<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, We review some of the fundamentals of mechanics. Are you ready? Here we go.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-flat ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Index<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/epidor.com\/en\/blog\/fundamentos-de-mecanica\/#Conceptos_propios_de_los_fundamentos_de_mecanica\" >Concepts of the fundamentals of mechanics<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/epidor.com\/en\/blog\/fundamentos-de-mecanica\/#Ejes_y_vastagos\" >Shafts and rods<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/epidor.com\/en\/blog\/fundamentos-de-mecanica\/#Diametro_parametro_imprescindible_a_tener_en_cuenta\" >Diameter, an essential parameter to be taken into account<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/epidor.com\/en\/blog\/fundamentos-de-mecanica\/#Unidades_de_medidas\" >Units of measure<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/epidor.com\/en\/blog\/fundamentos-de-mecanica\/#La_velocidad\" >The speed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/epidor.com\/en\/blog\/fundamentos-de-mecanica\/#Fuerza_y_movimiento\" >Force and motion\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/epidor.com\/en\/blog\/fundamentos-de-mecanica\/#Segunda_ley_de_Newton\" >Newton's second law<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/epidor.com\/en\/blog\/fundamentos-de-mecanica\/#La_presion\" >The pressure<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/epidor.com\/en\/blog\/fundamentos-de-mecanica\/#La_dureza_un_fundamento_de_la_mecanica_a_tener_en_cuenta\" >Hardness, a mechanics foundation to be taken into account<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/epidor.com\/en\/blog\/fundamentos-de-mecanica\/#Rugosidad\" >Roughness<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/epidor.com\/en\/blog\/fundamentos-de-mecanica\/#Escala_ISO\" >ISO Scale\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/epidor.com\/en\/blog\/fundamentos-de-mecanica\/#Video_en_Youtube_Fundamentos_de_mecanica\" >Youtube video; Fundamentals of mechanics<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"anchor1\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conceptos_propios_de_los_fundamentos_de_mecanica\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Concepts of the fundamentals of mechanics<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"anchor2\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ejes_y_vastagos\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shafts and rods<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-20508\" src=\"https:\/\/epidor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/SRT_202212_Fudamentos_mecanica_Ejes-y-vastagos_836x395px.gif\" alt=\"Fundamentals of mechanics\" width=\"836\" height=\"395\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When we start talking about the basics of mechanics we have to clarify some concepts, such as, for example, the difference between <\/span><b>shaft and stem<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. A shaft is a cylindrical bar that rotates on itself, while a rod has a forward and backward movement.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"anchor3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Diametro_parametro_imprescindible_a_tener_en_cuenta\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diameter, an essential parameter to be taken into account<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To define the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Di%C3%A1metro\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">diameter<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of an axle or a shank, it is necessary to imagine<\/span><b> a cross section in the part<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The figure resulting from this cut is a <\/span><b>circumference; from this we obtain the diameter<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the parts.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-20500\" src=\"https:\/\/epidor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/SRT_202212_Fudamentos_mecanica_Diametro_836x395px.jpg\" alt=\"Fundamentals of mechanics\" width=\"836\" height=\"395\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"anchor4\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Unidades_de_medidas\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Units of measure<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Continuing with these concepts,<\/span><b> let's talk about units of measurement<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The international measurement system is the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sistema_MKS_de_unidades\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MKS<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This system has the <\/span><b>meter (m)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the <\/span><b>kilogram (kg) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and the <\/span><b>second(s) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">as basic units, associated with three fundamental magnitudes, such as the <\/span><b>mass<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the <\/span><b>length<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and the <\/span><b>time<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. From these, complementary units are obtained, such as, for example, the <\/span><b>millimeter (mm) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">which is the most common unit in mechanics and avoids the use of too many decimal places.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, <\/span><b>in Anglo-Saxon countries the inch is used<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,and is divided into halves (\u00bd\u201d), fourths (\u00bc\u201d), eighths (\u215b\u201d)... and so on.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"anchor5\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"La_velocidad\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The speed<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Velocidad\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">speed<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a <\/span><b>concept developed by Galileo Galilei<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (16th century) in the study of the motion of bodies, and is defined as <\/span><b>the distance traveled by an object in a given time<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The speed is expressed in meters per second (m\/s). In the Anglo-Saxon system, feet per second (ft\/s) is used.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To know at what speed a shaft rotates, the number of revolutions or revolutions per minute (rpm) is counted, also known as the famous \"revolutions per minute\" (r.p.m.). <\/span><b>rpm's<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This speed is known as<\/span><b> angular velocity<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If we talk about speed in mechanics it is necessary to comment on the concept of the <\/span><b>linear or peripheral speed<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, defined as the velocity at the periphery of the axis or tangential to the axis. It is expressed in meters per second.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"anchor6\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Fuerza_y_movimiento\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Force and motion\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fuerza\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">force<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is defined as <\/span><b>that action that causes changes in the <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Movimiento_(m%C3%BAsica)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>movement<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or the structure of an object and its unit is the Newton (N). This unit owes its name to the 17th century English mathematician Sir <\/span><b>Isaac Newton<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, who, through study, ruled the three laws of motion; inertia, the fundamental law of dynamics and the principle of action and reaction.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"anchor7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Segunda_ley_de_Newton\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Newton's second law<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This law of the British mathematician states that <\/span><b>force is the product of a mass times an acceleration<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Therefore, we could define weight as the force exerted by the Earth's gravity on any object on Earth. Thus, the units of <\/span><b>force<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>charge<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>voltage <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">y <\/span><b>weight <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">are the same.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"anchor8\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"La_presion\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The pressure<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Presi%C3%B3n\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pressure<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is an essential parameter for understanding mechanics and hydraulics. It is the <\/span><b>the effect of a force acting on a surface<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This is defined using the Pascal as the unit of measurement. Even so, it is an impractical unit, which usually has multiples of the Pascal. <\/span><b>megapascal (MPa) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">y <\/span><b>hectopascal (hPa)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other definitions of pressure are also used to define pressure <\/span><b>units such as atmosphere and bar<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. These define a <\/span><b>kilogram <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of force applied over the area of one square centimeter. The Anglo-Saxon system uses \u201cpsi\u201d (pounds square inches), ie, <\/span><b>one pound of force applied over the area of one square inch.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A pressure can be <\/span><b>relative<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> o <\/span><b>absolute<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">- In the case of a pressure <b>relative<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, means that <\/span><b>is linked to a reference<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and we take, for example, the atmospheric pressure at sea level. From that point, we will have various levels of pressure expressed positively or negatively. The adjective \u201cmanometric\u201d is often added to pressure because the device that measures pressure is called a manometer.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">- In the case of being <b>absolute<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, The pressure reference is zero, i.e. absolute vacuum, and it is as if the body were outside the earth's atmosphere, in space.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-20516\" src=\"https:\/\/epidor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/SRT_202212_Fudamentos_mecanica_presion_836x395px.jpg\" alt=\"Fundamentals of mechanics\" width=\"836\" height=\"395\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"anchor9\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"La_dureza_un_fundamento_de_la_mecanica_a_tener_en_cuenta\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hardness, a mechanics foundation to be taken into account<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another basic concept when talking about the fundamentals of mechanics is the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dureza\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hardness<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. It is defined as <\/span><b>the resistance of a material to physical change, e.g., scratching, abrasion or penetration<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-20504\" src=\"https:\/\/epidor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/SRT_202212_Fudamentos_mecanica_DUREZA_836x395px.jpg\" alt=\"Fundamentals of mechanics\" width=\"836\" height=\"395\" \/>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The scale that <\/span><b>measures the hardness<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> depends on the type of material. In the case of elastomeric and thermoplastic materials the hardness scale is used. <\/span><b>shore type A<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which starts from zero numbering, corresponding to very soft materials.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>type D shore scale<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is intended for more rigid materials, such as polyurethane or hard plastics.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-20512\" src=\"https:\/\/epidor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/SRT_202212_Fudamentos_mecanica_escala-shore_836x395px.jpg\" alt=\"Fundamentals of mechanics\" width=\"836\" height=\"395\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"anchor10\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rugosidad\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Roughness<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Any sealing solution (flat gasket, O-ring, collar, retainer, wiper...) will be in contact with the sealing surface. The performance of the sealing solution chosen will be influenced by the surface finish of the sealing surface. This has a series of <\/span><b>of irregularities that define its <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rugosidad_(mec%C3%A1nica)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>roughness<\/b><\/a><b>.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Roughness is a determining factor in watertightness.<\/span><b> If a surface has a very low roughness, such as a mirror, the sealing gasket may become slippery.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. On the contrary, <\/span><b>in case of high roughness, the seal can wear prematurely<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Thus, experience tells us that the surface roughness is key to the life of the joint and it is recommended that it has a roughness between a maximum and minimum value.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"anchor11\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Escala_ISO\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ISO Scale\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Due to the wear and tear of the components used in the parts manufacturing process, the manufactured parts will never be the same. For this reason, <\/span><b>it is important to accept a certain tolerance in the replicated part<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At these levels, the scale used to express tolerance is the following <\/span><b>thousandth of a millimeter or micron<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. In the case of angles, the following are used <\/span><b>minutes <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o <\/span><b>seconds<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Therefore,<\/span><b> the ISO standard indicates tolerances that fall within the normal range<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and are expressed in letters, which define the tolerance, and numbers, its amplitude.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-20496\" src=\"https:\/\/epidor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/SRT_202212_Fudamentos_escala-ISO_836x395px.jpg\" alt=\"Fundamentals of mechanics\" width=\"836\" height=\"395\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Roughness and tolerance are often confused with each other, but <\/span><b>the two concepts are not related<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"anchor12\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Video_en_Youtube_Fundamentos_de_mecanica\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Youtube video; Fundamentals of mechanics<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you are already clear about these concepts, <\/span><b>we invite you to watch our training video on the basics of mechanics.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Find this and other additional training in the section of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/epidor-srt.com\/area-tecnica\/formacion\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Technical area<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from our website or visit our <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@epidorsealsandrubbertechno9309\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Youtube channel<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/W_HXupLQU4s\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We hope this article has been of interest to you. If you have any questions, please contact us at <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/epidor-srt.com\/contactanos\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">our specialists in the field<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Para poder entender mec\u00e1nica, necesitamos conocer su \u201cabc\u201d. Es por eso que esta vez traemos un blog un poco diferente, un art\u00edculo donde repasamos algunos de los fundamentos de mec\u00e1nica. \u00bfEst\u00e1s preparado? All\u00e1 vamos. Conceptos propios de los fundamentos de mec\u00e1nica Ejes y v\u00e1stagos Al empezar a hablar de fundamentos de mec\u00e1nica tenemos que aclarar [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3359,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[41],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3351","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-informacion-tecnica"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Fundamentos de mec\u00e1nica - Epidor - Expertos en soluciones de estanqueidad<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Para poder entender la mec\u00e1nica, necesitamos conocer cu\u00e1les son los fundamentos de mec\u00e1nica. 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